A class is 2016 graduate of Penn State University, where she will earn a degree in psychology, Hayley Ninnis enjoys numerous extracurricular activities, many of which are related to her interest in clothing and textiles. For example, she has taken courses in felting, the process by which felt is made, and in spinning, the conversion of fibers to yarn or thread. In addition, Hayley Ninnis has studied glassblowing at the East Falls Glassworks in Philadelphia.
Archaeological research places the first evidence of man-made glass objects in the fourth millennium BC. It is produced by combining sand with other materials such as potash, soda, and lime, and then applying high heat. Egyptians used glass to make beads and figures, as well as to glaze tiles. Glass containers such as cups and pitchers were initially made by dipping rounded clay forms into molten glass, which would adhere to the form and cool into the form’s shape when cooled. The use of glass containers supplanted clay and other porous materials, which would absorb the liquids stored in them. The non-porosity of glass makes it a favored container for liquids to this day. Glassblowing is the use of a tube to blow air into the center of a mass of molten glass to form a glass bubble, which results in tubes, vessels, or other shapes. Glassblowing appears to have begun around the time of the life of Christ. Syrian craftsmen used a long metal tube to gather a glob of molten glass and blow air into it, essentially the same process used by glassblowers today. The tools found in ancient glass production facilities are also remarkably similar to those used by modern craftsmen; the quality of their craftsmanship was so advanced that modern artisans are hard-pressed to replicate some of the pieces produced by second-century Greek craftsmen.
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AuthorA psychology undergraduate at The Pennsylvania State University, Hayley Ninnis seeks to combine her psychological training with her background in art and yoga. Archives
June 2022
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